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1 ἐπιθυμία
ἐπιθυμία, ας, ἡ (s. ἐπιθυμέω; Pre-Socr., Hdt.+)① a great desire for someth., desire, longing, cravingⓐ as a neutral term, in Hdt., Pla., Thu. et al. αἱ περὶ τὰ λοιπὰ ἐ. desires for other things Mk 4:19. ἐ. πράξεων πολλῶν desire for much business Hm 6, 2, 5 (but mng. 2 below is also poss.). ἐ. τῆς ψυχῆς desire of the soul Rv 18:14.ⓑ of desire for good things (Diod S 11, 36, 5 ἐπιθ. τῆς ἐλευθερίας=for freedom; Pr 10:24 ἐ. δικαίου δεκτή; ἄνερ ἐπιθυμιῶν GrBar 1:3; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 111) ἐπιθυμίαν ἔχειν εἴς τι have a longing for someth. Phil 1:23 (ἐ. ἔχειν as Jos., C. Ap. 1, 255; ἐ. εἰς as Thu. 4, 81, 2). ἐπιθυμίᾳ ἐπιθυμεῖν (Gen 31:30) eagerly desire Lk 22:15 (s. on ἐπιθυμέω); ἐν πολλῇ ἐ. w. great longing 1 Th 2:17. ἐλπίζει μου ἡ ψυχὴ τῇ ἐπιθυμίᾳ μου μὴ παραλελοιπέναι τι I hope that, in accordance with my desire, nothing has been omitted B 17:1. ἡ ἐ. καὶ ἡ ἀγρυπνία 21:7. ε. ἀγαθὴν καὶ σεμνήν Hm 12, 1, 1.② a desire for someth. forbidden or simply inordinate, craving, lust (as early as Plato, Phd. 83b ἡ τοῦ ὡς ἀληθῶς φιλοσόφου ψυχὴ οὕτως ἀπέχεται τ. ἡδονῶν τε καὶ ἐπιθυμιῶν κτλ.; Polystrat. p. 30; Duris [III B.C.]: 76 Fgm. 15 Jac.; then above all, the Stoics [EZeller, Philos. d. Griechen III/14, 1909, 235ff], e.g. Epict. 2, 16, 45; 2, 18, 8f; 3, 9, 21 al.; Maximus Tyr. 24, 4a μέγιστον ἀνθρώπῳ κακὸν ἐπιθυμία; Herm. Wr. 1, 23; 12, 4, also in Stob. p. 444, 10 Sc.; Wsd 4:12; Sir 23:5; 4 Macc 1:22; 3:2 al.; ApcMos 19 ἐ. … κεφαλὴ πάσης ἁμαρτίας; Philo, Spec. Leg. 4, 93, Leg. All. 2, 8, Vi. Cont. 74; Jos., Bell. 7, 261, Ant. 4, 143) Ro 7:7f; Js 1:14f; 2 Pt 1:4. ἐ. πονηρά (X., Mem. 1, 2, 64; Ar. 8, 4) Hv 1, 2, 4; 3, 7, 3; 3, 8, 4; m 8:5. ἐ. κακή (Pla., Leg. 9, 854a; Pr 12:12; 21:26; Just., A I, 10, 6) Col 3:5.—Of sexual desire (as early as Alcaeus [acc. to Plut., Mor. 525ab]; lead tablet fr. Hadrumetum 7 in Dssm., B 28 [BS 273ff] and IDefixWünsch no. 5 p. 23; PGM 17a, 9; 21; Sus Theod. 8; 11; 14 al., LXX 32; Jos., Ant. 4, 130; 132; Ath. 33, 1 μέτρον ἐπιθυμίας ἡ παιδοποιία; Did., Gen. 151, 27 ἄλογος ἐ.) D 3:3. πάθος ἐπιθυμίας 1 Th 4:5. κατʼ ἐπιθυμίαν (cp. Epict. 3, 15, 7; M. Ant. 2, 10, 1; 2; 3; Just., A II, 5, 4; Ath. 21, 1) in accordance with physical desire alone IPol 5:2. πρὸς ἐπιθυμίαν τ. ἀνθρώπων Ox 840, 38 (Ps.-Pla., Eryx. 21, 401e πρὸς τὰς ἐπιθυμίας τοῦ σώματος=to satisfy the desires of the body; cp. 405e: gambling, drunkenness and gluttony are called ἐπιθυμίαι.—In Ox 840, 38, since the ν in ἐπιθυμίαν is missing and restored, the word might also be ἐπιθυμίας.). ἐ. γυναικός (Da 11:37) Hm 6, 2, 5; 12, 2, 1. Pl. (oft. LXX; EpArist 256; Philo) w. παθήματα Gal 5:24. In a list of vices (cp. Philo, Congr. Erud. Grat. 172, Migr. Abr. 60, Vi. Cont. 2) 1 Pt 4:3; D 5:1. ἐ. πολλαὶ ἀνόητοι many foolish desires 1 Ti 6:9; νεωτερικαὶ ἐ. youthful desires 2 Ti 2:22 (WMetzger, TZ 33, ’77, 129–36); κατὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἐ. in accordance w. their own desires 4:3; cp. πρὸς τὰς ἰ. ἐ. Pol. 7:1; κατὰ τὰς ἐ. αὐτῶν AcPl Ha 8, 20 (for this: ἀνομίας AcPl BMM recto, 26, restored after Ox 1602, 27). αἱ πρότερον ἐν τῇ ἀγνοίᾳ ἐ. the desires that ruled over you formerly, when you were ignorant 1 Pt 1:14.—W. gen.: subjective gen. ἐ. ἀνθρώπων 1 Pt 4:2; τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν J 8:44; gen. of quality ἐ. μιασμοῦ defiling passion 2 Pt 2:10; cp. μιαρὰς ἐ. 1 Cl 28:1; βδελυκτὰς ἐ. 30:1. ἐ. τῆς ἀπάτης deceptive desires Eph 4:22. τῶν ἐ. τῶν ματαίων 2 Cl 19:2; cp. Hm 11, 8. ἐ. τῶν ἀσεβειῶν Jd 18. ἐ. τῆς πονηρίας evil desire Hv 1, 1, 8. ἐ. τῆς ἀσελγείας 3, 7, 2; the gen. can also indicate the origin and seat of the desire ἐ. τῶν καρδιῶν of the hearts (Sir 5:2) Ro 1:24. τῆς καρδίας … τῆς πονηρᾶς 1 Cl 3:4. ἐ. τοῦ θνητοῦ σώματος Ro 6:12 (Ps.-Pla., Eryx. 21, 401e, s. above; Sextus 448 ἐπιθυμίαι τοῦ σώματος). τῆς σαρκός Eph 2:3; 1J 2:16; 2 Pt 2:18; B 10, 9. τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν 1J 2:16; to denote someth. to which desire belongs gener. vs. 17; σαρκικαὶ ἐ. (Hippol., Ref. 5, 9, 22; Did., Gen. 62, 3) 1 Pt 2:11; D 1:4; σωματικαὶ ἐ. (4 Macc 1:32) ibid.; κοσμικαὶ ἐ. worldly desires Tit 2:12; 2 Cl 17:3; ἐ. τῶν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ Pol 5:3; εἰς ἐ. to arouse desires Ro 13:14; ποιεῖν τὰς ἐ. act in accordance w. the desires J 8:44. τελεῖν ἐ. σαρκός gratify the cravings of the flesh Gal 5:16; ὑπακούειν ταῖς ἐ. obey the desires Ro 6:12; δουλεύειν ἐ. be a slave to the desires Tit 3:3; cp. δοῦλος ἐπιθυμίας IPol 4:3. ἄγεσθαι ἐπιθυμίαις be led about by desires 2 Ti 3:6. πορεύεσθαι κατὰ τὰς ἐ. Jd 16; 18; 2 Pt 3:3; ἐν ἐπιθυμίαις (Sir 5:2) 1 Pt 4:3; ταῖς ἐ. τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου Hs 6, 2, 3; 6, 3, 3; 7:2; 8, 11, 3. ἀναστρέφεσθαι ἐν ταῖς ἐ. Eph 2:3.—BEaston, Pastoral Ep. ’47, 186f; RAC II 62–78. S. πόθος.—Schmidt, Syn. III 591–601. M-M. TW. Sv. -
2 καρδία
-ας + ἡ N 1 80-191-172-343-177=963 Gn 6,5; 20,5.6; 42,28; 50,21heart (as part of the body) Tob 6,4; heart (as centre and source of physical life) Ps 103(104),15; id. (as centre of the whole inner life into which God looks) 1 Sm 16,7; heart, mind (as the faculty of thought or understanding) Jb 17,4; heart, memory Prv 3,1; heart (of the will and its decisions) Jer 38,33; heart (of emotions, wishes and desires) Jb 37,1; id. (of moral life) Ps 23(24),4; heart, conscience (as feeling for good and evil) 1 Sm 24,6; heart (of disposition) 2 Kgs 23,3; middle, midst, centre Jon 2,4; depth Ps 45(46),3; heart (of a tree) Ez 17,22ἀπὸ καρδίας out of (their own) heart (of false prophets) Is 44,25, see also Ez 13,3; ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ in or with his heart (with verbs) Gn 6,5; ἐν καρδίᾳ ἀληθινῇ with sincere heart Is 38,3; οἱ συντετριμμένοι τὴν καρδίαν the broken-hearted Is 57,15; ἐλάλησεν αὐτῶν εἰς τὴν καρδίαν he spoke kindly to them Gn 50,21; λαλῆσαι ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτῆς to speak kindly to her Jgs 19,3; μὴ εἴπῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου do not say to oneself Dt 8,17; ἀναβήσεται ῥήματα ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν σου things will come up in your mind, you will think of something Ez 38,10; μὴ δὴ θέσθω ὁ κύριός μου καρδίαν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον let my Lord pay no attention to the man 1 Sm 25,25; κατισχῦσαι αὐτῶν τὴν καρδίαν to harden their heart, to encourage them Jos 11,20; ἐν καθαρᾷ καρδίᾳ ἐποίησας τοῦτο you did this with a pure heart Gn 20,5; ποιεῖν αὐτοῦ τὰ θελήματα καρδίᾳ μεγάλῃ to do his wishes wholeheartedly or generously 2 Mc 1,3*Ez 17,22 καρδίας αὐτῶν of their heart corr.? κράδας αὐτῶν (acc. pl. of κράδη) quivering spray at the end of their branch for MT ינקותיו it shoots; *1 Kgs 12,33 ἀπὸ καρδίας αὐτοῦ out of his heart-ו/לב/מ (= MTq) for MTk לבד/מ all by himself; *Ez 13,3 ἀπὸ καρδίας out of their own hearts-לבם/מ for MT נבלים senseless, cpr. Ez 13,17; *Ps 84(85),9 πρὸς αὐτὸν καρδίαν (their) heart towards him-לו לב for MT כסלה/ל to folly; *Prv 15,22 ἐν δὲ καρδίαις in the hearts-לב/ב for MT רב/ב with a multitude, see also Prv 24,6;*Prv 21,12 καρδίας the hearts-לבות for MT בית/ל (give attention) to the house; *Eccl 9,1 καὶ καρδία μου εἶδε and my heart saw-ראה ולבי for MT את בור/ול ברר and to examineCf. DOGNIEZ 1992 154-155(Dt 6,5); HARL 1986a, 61; LARCHER 1983 166-167(Wis 1,1).219 (Wis 2,2);LE BOULLUEC 1989 67-68.121 (Ex 7,22-23); LUST 1997 240(Ez 17,22); PIETERSMA 1990, 265-266;WALTERS 1973 197-198(Is 6,10).215(Ez 11,19); WEVERS 1990 130-131(Ex 9,14).509(Ex 31,6);→TWNT -
3 ψυχή
ψῡχ-ή, ἡ,A life,λύθη ψ. τε μένος τε Il.5.296
, etc.;ψ. τεκαὶ αἰών 16.453
, cf. Od.9.523;θυμοῦ καὶ ψ. Il.11.334
, Od.21.154;λαυκανίην, ἵνα τε ψυχῆς ὤκιστος ὄλεθρος Il.22.325
; ψυχὰς παρθέμενοι at hazard of their lives, Od.3.74,9.255;αἰεὶ ἐμὴν ψ. παραβαλλόμενος Il.9.322
; λίσσου' ὑπὲρ ψ. καὶ γούνων by your life, 22.338; soἀντὶ ψ. S.OC 1326
: but περὶ ψ. to save their life, Od.9.423;περί τε ψυχέων ἐμάχοντο 22.245
;περὶ ψ. θέον Ἕκτορος Il.22.161
;τρέχων περὶ τῆς ψ. Hdt.9.37
;τῆς ἐμῆς περὶ ψ. A.Eu. 115
, cf. E.Hel. 946, Heracl. 984;περὶ ψ. κινδυνεύων Antipho 2.1.4
, cf. Th. 8.50;ἁγὼν.. σῆς ψ. πέρι S.El. 1492
, cf. E.Ph. 1330, Or. 847, X.Cyr.3.3.44;τὸν περὶ ψ. δρόμον δραμεῖν Ar.V. 375
(lyr.);ἀγωνίζεσθαι περὶ τῆς ψ. X.Eq.Mag.1.19
; ὃ ἂν θέλῃ, ψυχῆς ὠνεῖται [θυμός] in exchange for life, Heraclit.85;τῆς ψ. πρίασθαί τι X.Cyr.3.1.36
;τί γὰρ δοῖ ἄνθρωπος ἀντάλλαγμα τῆς ψ. αὐτοῦ; Ev.Marc.8.37
. In early poets:ψυχὰν ἀποπνεῖν Simon.52
;ψυχὰς ἔχοντες κυμάτων ἐν ἀγκάλαις Archil.23
;ψυχέων φειδόμενοι Tyrt.10.14
;θειδωλὴν ψ. θέμενος Sol.13.46
;ψυχῆς εἵνεκα καὶ βιότου Thgn.730
;ψυχὰν Ἀΐδᾳ τελέων Pi.I.1.68
;ψυχὰς βαλον Id.O.8.39
;χαλκῷ ἀπὸ ψυχὴν ἀρύσας Emp.138
; ; τῆς ἐμῆς ψ. γεγώς ib. 775;τὴν ψ. ἐκπίνουσιν Ar.Nu. 712
(anap.);ψ. ἀφήσω E.Or. 1171
;ψ. σέθεν ἔκτεινε Id.Tr. 1214
;ψ. παραιτέεσθαι Hdt.1.24
; ποινὴν τῆς Αἰσώπου ψ. satisfaction for the life of A., Id.2.134; , cf. Th.1.136, etc.;τὴν ψ. ἢ τὴν οὐσίαν ἢ τὴν ἐπιτιμίαν τινὸς ἀφελόμενος Aeschin.2.88
;τὸ τῆς ψ. ἀπαιτηθεὶς χρέος LXX Wi.15
. 8, cf. Ev.Luc.12.20;ζητοῦσι τὴν ψ. μου LXX 3 Ki.19.10
, cf. Ev.Matt. 2.20;τὴν ψ. αὐτοῦ τίθησιν ὑπὲρ τῶν προβάτων Ev.Jo.10.11
, etc.; δεῖρον ἄχρις ἡ ψ... ἐπὶ χειλέων λειφθῇ within an inch of his life, Herod.3.3:—the phrase ἐν τῇ χειρὶ τὴν ψ. ἔχοντα taking his life in his hands, is prob. f.l. in Xenarch.4.20;ἡ ψ. μου ἐν ταῖς χερσί [σου] διὰ πάντος LXX Ps.118(119).109
, cf. 1 Ki.19.5, 28.21, al.; of life in animals, Od.14.426, Hes.Sc. 173, Pi.N.1.47, etc.;τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα, ὅσα ψ. ἔχει Anaxag.4
, cf. 12;πάντων τῶν ζῴων ἡ ψ. τὸ αὐτό, ἀήρ Diog.
Apoll.5 (cf. infr. IV. 1); ἡ φύσις τοιαύτη πάντων ὅσσα ψ. ἔχει Democrit.278; ἐπῴζει καὶ ποιεῖ ψ. ἔχειν (of incubation) Epich.172; [ἑρπετὸν] ὃ ἔχει ἐν ἑαυτῷ ψ. ζωῆς LXX Ge.1.30
; ἡ ψ. πάσης σαρκὸς αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐστιν ib.Le.17.11, cf. De.12.23.2 metaph. of things dear as life,χρήματα γὰρ ψ... βροτοῖσι Hes.Op. 686
;πᾶσι δ' ἀνθρώποις ἄρ' ἦν ψ. τέκν' E.Andr. 419
;τἀργύριόν ἐστιν αἷμα καὶ ψ. βροτοῖς Timocl.35
; so as an endearing name, Hld.1.8, al.;ζωὴ καὶ ψ. Juv.6.195
;ψ. μου Mart.10.68
.II in Hom., departed spirit, ghost (ὑποτίθεται [Ὅμηρος] τὰς ψ. τοῖς εἰδώλοις τοῖς ἐν τοῖς κατόπτροις φαινομένοις ὁμοίας.. ἃ καθάπαξ ἡμῖν ἐξείκασται καὶ τὰς κινήσεις μιμεῖται, στερεμνιώδη δὲ ὑπόστασιν οὐδεμίαν ἔχει εἰς ἀντίληψιν καὶ ἁφήν Apollod.
Hist.Fr. 102(a)J.);ψ. Πατροκλῆος.. πάντ' αὐτῷ.. ἐϊκυῖα Il.23.65
: freq. in Od.11, ψ. Ἀγαμέμνονος, Ἀχιλῆος, etc., 387, 467, al.;ψ. καὶ εἴδωλον Il.23.104
, cf. 72, Od.24.14;ψ. κατὰ χθονὸς ᾤχετο τετριγυῖα Il.23.100
; ψυχὰς ἡρώων, opp. αὐτούς, 1.3, cf. Hes.Sc. 151;ψυχαὶ δ' Ἄϊδόσδε κατῆλθον Il.7.330
;ψ. δὲ κατ' οὐταμένην ὠτειλὴν ἔσσυτ' ἐπειγομένη 14.518
; sts. hardly dist. from signf. 1,ἅμα ψ. τε καὶ ἔγχεος ἐξέρυσ' αἰχμήν 16.505
; in swoons it leaves the body,τὸν δὲ λίπε ψ. 5.696
; so in later writers (seldom in Trag.),σὺν Ἀγαμεμνονίᾳ ψυχᾷ Pi.P.11.21
; ἑὰν ψυχὰν κομίξαι ib.4.159, cf. N.8.44;αἱ ψ. ὀσμῶνται καθ' Ἅιδην Heraclit.98
;πέμψατ' ἔνερθεν ψυχὴν ἐς φῶς A.Pers. 630
(anap.);ποτωμένην ψ. ὑπὲρ σοῦ E.Or. 676
, cf. Fr. 912.9 (anap.);τὰς τῶν κεκμηκότων ψ., αἷς ἐστιν ἐν τῇ φύσει τῶν αὑτῶν ἐκγόνων κήδεσθαι Pl.Lg. 927b
; ψ. σοφαί, perh. 'wise ghosts', Ar.Nu. 94;δὶς ἀποθανουμένη ψ. Anon.
ap. Plu.2.236d.III the immaterial and immortal soul, first in Pindar,ἐς τὸν ὕπερθεν ἅλιον κείνων.. ἀνδιδοῖ [Φερσεφόνα] ψυχὰς πάλιν Fr. 133
, cf. Pl.Men. 81b;εἰπόντες ὡς ἀνθρώπου ψ. ἀθάνατός ἐστι Hdt.2.123
;ἀγένητόν τε καὶ ἀθάνατον ψ. Pl.Phdr. 246a
, cf. Phd. 70c, al.;ἀθάνατος ἡμῶν ἡ ψ. καὶ οὐδέποτε ἀπόλλυται Id.R. 608d
;ἁψ. τῷ σώματι συνέζευκται καὶ καθάπερ ἐν σάματι τέθαπται Philol.14
, cf. Pl.Cra. 400c: hence freq. opp.σῶμα, ψ. καὶ σῶμα X.Mem.1.3.5
, cf. An.3.2.20;ψ. ἢ σῶμα ἢ συναμφότερον, τὸ ὅλον τοῦτο Pl.Alc.1.130a
;εἰς θηρίου βίον ἀνθρωπίνη ψ. ἀφικνεῖται καὶ ἐκ θηρίου.. πάλιν εἰς ἄνθρωπον Id.Phdr. 249b
;κατὰ τοὺς Πυθαγορικοὺς μύθους τὴν τυχοῦσαν ψ. εἰς τὸ τυχὸν ἐνδύεσθαι σῶμα Arist.de An. 407b22
;οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἐπείσθην, ὡς ἡ ψ., ἕως μὲν ἂν ἐν θνητῷ σώματι ᾖ, ζῇ, ὅταν δὲ τούτου ἀπαλλαγῇ, τέθνηκεν X.Cyr.8.7.19
;ἀνθρώπου γε ψ., ἣ τοῦ θείου μετέχει,.. ὁρᾶται δ' οὐδ' αὐτή Id.Mem.4.3.14
, cf. Cyr. 8.7.17; αἰθὴρ μὲμ ψυχὰς ὑπεδέξατο, σώ[ματα δὲ χθών] IG12.945 (v B. C.);ὁπόταμ ψ. προλίπῃ φάος ἀελίοιο Orph.Fr.32
f.1;ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν ψ., ζῷον ἀθάνατον ἐν θνητῷ καθειργμένον φρουρίῳ Pl.Ax. 365e
.IV the conscious self or personality as centre of emotions, desires, and affections,χερσὶ καὶ ψυχᾷ δυνατοί Pi.N.9.39
;μορφὰν βραχύς, ψυχὰν δ' ἄκαμπτος Id.I.4(3).53(71)
;ἐνίους τῶν καλῶν τὰς μορφὰς μοχθηροὺς ὄντας τὰς ψ. X.Oec.6.16
;θνητοῦ σώματος ἔτυχες, πειρῶ τῆς ψ. ἀθάνατον μνήμην καταλιπεῖν Isoc.2.37
; opp. material blessings,κτεάνων ψ. ἔχοντες κρέσσονας Pi.N.9.32
;μήτε σωμάτων ἐπιμελεῖσθαι μήτε χρημάτων.. οὕτω σφόδρα ὡς τῆς ψ. ὅπως ὡς ἀρίστη ἔσται Pl.Ap. 30b
, cf. 29e: hence regarded in abstraction,τὸ παρεχόμενον ἡμῶν ἕκαστον τοῦτ' εἶναι μηδὲν ἀλλ' ἢ τὴν ψ., τὸ δὲ σῶμα ἰνδαλλόμενον ἡμῶν ἑκάστοις ἕπεσθαι Pl.Lg. 959a
;ἡ ψ. ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος Id.Alc.1.130c
;οὐδὲ νῦν τήν γ ἐμὴν ψ. ἑωρᾶτε X.Cyr.8.7.17
, cf. supr. 111: sts., therefore, distd. from oneself,ψ. γὰρ ηὔδα πολλά μοι μυθουμένη S.Ant. 227
;ἡ ψ. μου πεπότηται Ar.Nu. 319
(anap.);τί ποτ' ἔστι μαθεῖν ἔραται ψ. E.Hipp. 173
(anap.);ἄλλο τι βουλομένη ἑκατέρου ἡ ψ. δήλη ἐστίν Pl.Smp. 192c
; οἴμοι ψυχή woe is me! LXX Mi.7.1; καὶ ἐρῶ τῇ ψ. μου, "yuxh/, e)/xeis polla\ a)gaqa/" Ev.Luc.12.19; in periphrases, ψ. Ὀρέστου, = Ὀρέστης, S.El. 1127, al.: but τὴν Φιλοκτήτου ψ. ἐκκλέψεις his wits, Id.Ph.55;ἡ δ' ἐμὴ ψ. τέθνηκεν Id.Ant. 559
, cf. OC 999; so ψυχαί abs., = ἄνθρωποι, ψ. ὀλέσασα A.Ag. 1457 (lyr.); ψ. πολλαὶ ἔθανον many souls perished, Ar.Th. 864;πᾶσαι αἱ ψ., υἱοὶ καὶ αἱ θυγατέρες λ γ LXX Ge.46.15
, cf. Ex.12.4, al.; [κιβωτὸς] εἰς ἣν ὀλίγοι, τοῦτ' ἔστιν ὀκτὼ ψ., διεσώθησαν 1 Ep.Pet.3.20
. In apostrophe,μή, φίλα ψ. Pi.P.3.61
;ὦ μελέα ψ. S.Ph. 712
(lyr.);ὦ ἀγαθὴ καὶ πιστὴ ψ. X.Cyr.7.3.8
; in referring to persons,ὅταν μεγάλη ψ. φυῇ Pl.R. 496b
(cf. μεγαλόψυχος) ; καλεῖται γοῦν ἡ ψ. Κρινοκοράκα the creature, Thphr.Char.28.2;πάσῃ ψ. τετελευτηκυίᾳ LXX Nu.6.6
,11;πᾶσα ψ. ὑποτασσέσθω Ep.Rom.13.1
, etc.: generally, being, ψυχὴ ζῶσα living creature, LXX Ge.1.24, cf. 20(pl.).2 of various aspects of the self, ἐν πολέμοιο μάχαις τλάμονι ψ. παρέμειν ) enduring heart, Pi.P.1.48;διεπειρᾶτο αὐτοῦ τῆς ψ. Hdt.3.14
, ἦν ηὰρ.. ψυχὴν οὐκ ἄκρος poor-spirited, Id.5.124;ψυχὴν ἄριστε πάντων Ar.Eq. 457
;καρτερὰν ψ. λαβεῖν Id.Ach. 393
;κράτιστοι ἂν τὴν ψ. κριθεῖεν Th.2.40
;τοῖς σώμασι δύνανται τὰς δὲ ψ. οὐκ ἔχουσιν Lys.10.29
;ὁ γὰρ' λόγχην ἀκονῶν καὶ τὴν ψ. τι παρακονᾷ X.Cyr.6.2.33
, cf. Oec.21.3.3 of the emotional self,ὑπείργασμαι μὲν εὖ ψυχὴν ἔρωτι E.Hipp. 505
, cf. 527 (lyr.);πάνυ μου ἡ ψ. ἐπεθύμει X.Oec.6.14
;τίνα ποτὲ ψ. ἔχων; Lys.32.12
; τίν' οἴεσθ' αὐτὴν ψ. ἕξειν, ὅταν ἐμὲ ῒδῃ; how will she feel? D.28.21; μία ψ., prov. of friends, Arist.EN 1168b7; ψ. μία ἤστην prob. in Phryn. PSp.128B.; of appetite,ψυχῇ διδόντες ἡδονήν A.Pers. 841
(s. v.l.), cf. Epich.297, Theocr.16.24;λίχνῳ δὲ ὄντι τὴν ψ. Pl.R. 579b
;τῷ δὲ ἡ ψ. σῖτον μὲν οὐ προσίετο, διψῆν δ' ἐδόκει X.Cyr.8.7.4
.4 of the moral and intellectual self,ἀπὸ πάμπαν ἀδίκων ἔχειν ψ. Pi.O. 2.70
;ψ. τε καὶ φρόνημα καὶ γνώμην S.Ant. 176
;ἀρκεῖν.. κἀντὶ μυρίων μίαν ψ. τάδ' ἐκτίνουσαν, ἢν εὔνους παρῇ Id.OC 499
;ψ. γὰρ εὔνους καὶ φρονοῦσα τοὔνδικον Id.Fr. 101
;ἡ κακὴ σὴ ψ. Id.Ph. 1014
;ψυχῆς κατήγορος κακῆς X.Oec.20.15
, cf. Pl.R. 353e;ἡ βουλεύσασα ψ. Antipho 4.1.7
, cf. Pl.Lg. 873a; τὸ σῶμα ἀπειρηκὸς ἡ ψ. συνεξέσωσεν.. διὰ τὸ μὴ ξυνειδέναι ἑαυτῇ the mind conscious of innocence, Antipho 5.93;τὸ ἐπιμελεῖσθαι καὶ ἄρχειν καὶ βουλεύεσθαι.. ἐσθ' ὅτῳ ἄλλῳ ἢ ψυχῇ δικαίως ἂν ἀποδοῖμεν; Pl.R. 353d
;τὴν τῆς ψ. ἐπιμέλειαν X.Mem. 1.2.4
, Isoc.15.304; τὰ ἐν τῇ ψ. διὰ τὴν παιδείαν ἐγγιγνόμενα ib.290;τῆς ψ. ἐξελθούσης, ἐν ᾗ μόνῃ γίγνεται φρόνησις X.Mem.1.2.53
;νοῦς τε καὶ ψ. Pl.Cra. 400a
, cf. Phdr. 247c, al.; ;ἰδὼν μὲν γνούς τε σῇ ψ., τέκνον E.Tr. 1171
. Phrases:—ἐκ τῆς ψ. φίλος X.An.7.7.43
; ἀπὸ τῆς ψ. φιλεῖν with all the heart, Thphr. Char.17.3;βόσκοιτ' ἐκ ψυχᾶς τὰς ἀμνάδας Theoc.8.35
;ὅλῃ τῇ ψ. κεχαρίσθαι τινί X.Mem.3.11.10
; οὐκ ἐᾷ ἡμᾶς οὐδὲ ψυχῆς λαχεῖν he won't let us call our soul our own, Phryn.PSp.128B.5 of animals, ψ. μεγαλόφρων, of a horse, X.Eq.11.1;θηρίων ψ. ἡμεροῦμεν Isoc.2.12
; ψ. χηνός, ὀρτυγίου, Eub.101, Antiph.5.6 of inanimate things,πᾶσα πολιτεία ψ. πόλεώς ἐστιν Isoc.12.138
, cf. 7.14;ἡ τῶνδε τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἀρετὴ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἦν ψ. D.60.23
;οἷον ψ. ὁ μῦθος τῆς τραγῳδίας Arist.Po. 1450a38
; also of the spirit of an author, D.H.Lys.11.V Philosophical uses:1 In the early physicists, of the primary substance, the source of life and consciousness, ὁρίζονται πάντες (sc. οἱ πρότεροι)τὴν ψ. τρισίν, κινήσει, αἰσθήσει, τῷ ἀσωμάτῳ Arist.de An. 405b11
; τὸν λίθον ἔφη [Θαλῆς] ψ. ἔχειν ὅτι τὸν σίδηρον κινεῖ, of the magnet, ib. 405a20; ψυχῇσιν θάνατος ὕδωρ γενέσθαι, ὕδατι δὲ θάνατος γῆν γενέσθαι, ἐκ γῆς δὲ ὕδωρ γίνεται, ἐξ ὕδατος δὲ ψ. (sc. πῦρ) Heraclit. 36;ἡ ψ. πνεῦμα Xenoph.
ap. D.L.9.19; καρδία ψυχῆς καὶ αἰσθήσιος [ἀρχά] Philol.13;τοῦτο [ἀὴρ] αὐτοῖς καὶ ψ. ἐστι καὶ νόησις Diog.
Apoll.4;τὴν τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων φύσιν οὐ πιστεύεις Ἀναξαγόρᾳ νοῦν καὶ ψ. εἶναι τὴν διακοσμοῦσαν; Pl.Cra. 400a
, cf. Arist.de An. 404a25; Δημόκριτος πῦρ τι καὶ θερμόν θησιν αὐτὴν (sc. ψυχὴν) εἶναι ib. 404a1, cf. Resp. 472a4.2 the spirit of the universe,ψ. εἰς τὸ μέσον [τοῦ κόσμου] θείς Pl.Ti. 34b
, cf. 30b;τὴν τοῦ παντὸς δῆλον ὅτι τοιαύτην εἶναι βούλεται [ὁ Τίμαιος] οἷόν ποτ' ἐστὶν ὁ καλούμενος νοῦς Arist.de An. 407a3
; ἐν τῷ ὅλῳ τινὲς [τὴν ψ.] μεμεῖχθαί φασιν, ὅθεν ἴσως καὶ Θαλῆς ᾠήθη πάντα πλήρη θεῶν εἶναι ib. 411a8;ὁ κόσμος ψ. ἐστὶν ἑαυτοῦ καὶ ἡγεμονικόν Chrysipp.Stoic.2.186
; ψ. [κόσμου] Plu.2.1013e, cf. M.Ant.4.40;ψ. ἐλθοῦσα εἰς σῶμα οὐρανοῦ Plot.5.1.2
;τόδε τὸ πᾶν ψ. μίαν ἔχον εἰς πάντα αὐτοῦ μέρη Id.4.4.32
; περὶ ψυχᾶς κόσμου καὶ φύσιος, title of work by Ti.Locr.3 In Pl. the immaterial principle of movement and life,ὅταν παρῇ [ψυχὴ] τῷ σώματι, αἴτιόν ἐστι τοῦ ζῆν αὐτῷ Pl.Cra. 399d
, cf. Def. 411c; [ψυχῆς λόγον ἔχομεν] τὴν δυναμένην αὐτὴν αὑτὴν κινεῖν κίνησιν Id.Lg. 896a
; μεταβολῆς τε καὶ κινήσεως ἁπάσης αἰτία [ἡ ψ.] ἅπασιν ib. b, cf. 892c; its presence is requisite for thought,σοφία καὶ νοῦς ἄνευ ψ. οὐκ ἂν γενοίσθην Id.Phlb. 30c
, cf. Ti. 30b, Sph. 249a; defined by Arist. asοὐσία ὡς εἶδος σώματος φυσικοῦ δυνάμει ζωὴν ἔχοντος de An. 412a20
; ἐντελέχεια ἡ πρώτη σώματος φυσικοῦ ὀργανικοῦ ib. 412b5; the tripartite division ofψ., οἱ δὲ περὶ Πλάτωνα καὶ Ἀρχύτας καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ Πυθαγόρειοι τὴν ψ. τριμερῆ ἀποφαίνονται, διαιροῦντες εἰς λογισμὸν καὶ θυμὸν καὶ ἐπιθυμίαν Iamb.
ap. Stob.1.49.34, cf. Pl.R. 439e sqq.; in Arist.ἡ ψ. τούτοις ὥρισται, θρεπτικῷ, αἰσθητικῷ, διανοητικῷ, κινήσει· πότερον δὲ τοὔτων ἕκαστόν ἐστι ψ. ἢ ψυχῆς μόριον; de An. 413b11
, cf. PA 641b4;ἡ θρεπτικὴ ψ. Id.de An. 434a22
, al.; in the Stoics and Epicureans, σῶμα ἡ ψ. Zeno and Chrysipp.Stoic.1.38; of the scala naturae,τὰ μὲν ἕξει διοικεῖται, τὰ δὲ φύσει, τὰ δ' ἀλόγῳ ψ., τὰ δὲ καὶ λόγον ἐχούσῃ καὶ διάνοιαν Stoic.2.150
, cf. M.Ant.6.14;ἡ ψ. σῶμά ἐστι λεπτομερές.. προσεμφερέστατον πνεύματι θερμοῦ τινα κρᾶσιν ἔχοντι Epicur.Ep.1p.19U.
;τέλος.. τὸ μήτε ἀλγεῖν κατὰ σῶμα μήτε ταράττεσθαι κατὰ ψ. Id.Ep.3p.64U.
; in the Neo-Platonists characterized by discursive thinking,τοὺς λογισμοὺς ψυχῆς εἶναι ἐνεργήματα Plot.1.1.7
; related to νοῦς as image to archetype, εἰκών τίς ἐστι νοῦ [ψ.] Id.5.1.3; present in entirety in every part,πάρεστι πᾶσα πανταχοῦ ψ. Id.5.1.2
, cf. 4.7.5;φύσις ψ. οὖσα, γέννημα ψυχῆς προτέρας Id.3.8.4
; animal and vegetable bodies possessοἷον σκιὰν ψυχῆς Id.4.4.18
;πᾶν σῶμα.. ψυχῆς μετουσίᾳ κινεῖται ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ καὶ ζῇ διὰ ψ. Procl.Inst.20
.2 τριπόλιον, Ps.-Dsc.4.132.VII Psyche, in the allegory of Psyche and Eros, Apul.Metam. bks. 4-6, Aristophontes ap. Fulg.Myth.3.6. (See ancient speculations on the derivation, Pl.Cra. 399d- 400a, Arist.de An. 405b29, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.222; Hom. usage gives little support to the derivation from ψύχω 'blow, breathe';τὸν δὲ λίπε ψ. Il.5.696
means 'his spirit left his body', and so λειποψυχέω means 'swoon', not 'become breathless';ἀπὸ δὲ ψ. ἐκάπυσσε Il.22.467
means 'she gasped out her spirit', viz. 'swooned'; the resemblance of ἄμπνυτο 'recovered consciousness' to ἀμπνέω 'recover breath' is deceptive, v. ἄμπνυτο, ἔμπνυτο: when concrete the Homeric ψ. is rather warm blood than breath, cf. Il.14.518, 16.505, where the ψ. escapes through a wound; cf. ψυχοπότης, ψυχορροφέω, and S.El. 786, Ar.Nu. 712 (v. supr.1).) -
4 ἄγριος
ἄγριος, ία, ον (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.)① pert. to being in a natural state or condition, wild, of plants in the open field (Diod S 5, 2, 4; Artem. 4, 57; Jos., Bell. 5, 437; PSI 816, 3 [II B.C.]) Hs 9, 26, 4. Of animals (so Diod S 4, 17, 4 ζῷα; 4, 17, 5 θηρία; Arrian, Ind. 11, 11; 13, 1; PSI 406, 42; 409, 18 [III B.C.]; BGU 1252, 4; as a rule LXX; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 139) 1 Cl 56:11f (Job 5:22f); μέλι ἄ. honey fr. wild bees (Iambl. Erot. p. 222, 16 μέλιτται ἄγριαι w. their μέλι; Cat. Cod. Astr. X 86b, 6 ἀγριομέλισσα.—Others think of a plant product; cp. Ps.-Aristot., Mirab. 19 ἐν Λυδίᾳ ἀπὸ τῶν δένδρων τὸ μέλι συλλέγεσθαι πολύ; Diod S 19, 94, 10 φύεται παρʼ αὐτοῖς [i.e. the Nabataeans] ἀπὸ τ. δένδρων μέλι πολὺ τὸ καλούμενον ἄγριον, ᾧ χρῶνται ποτῷ μεθʼ ὕδατος; Jos., Bell. 4, 468) Mt 3:4; Mk 1:6; GEb 13, 79. By fig. ext., of persons wild in appearance: of women in black w. flowing hair Hs 9, 9, 5; more completely ἄ. τῇ ἰδέᾳ of a shepherd 6, 2, 5.② pert. to being untamed or running one’s own course, uncontrolled, fig. ext. of 1, of desires savage, fierce (Pla., Rep. 572b) Hm 12, 1, 2; cp. 12, 4, 6. τὸ ἄγριον cruelty (Pla., Rep. 571c et al.; Herm. Wr. 486, 38; 492, 4 Sc.) IEph 10:2 (opp. ἥμερος). Of natural phenomena stormy (Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.) κύματα ἄ. θαλάσσης (Wsd 14:1; SibOr 3, 778) Jd 13.—DELG s.v. ἀγρός. M-M.
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